Handbook of Finnish, 2nd edition

Contents:

• Preface
  • The purpose of this book
  • The scope of this book
  • Suggestions to different types of readers
  • The structure of this book
  • About this book
  • Notations used in this book
• Historical and cultural background
  • A short history of Finnish
  • How is Finnish related to other languages?
  • Is Finnish a difficult language?
  • Where is Finnish spoken?
  • Variants of Finnish
  • Regulation of Finnish
• Key features of Finnish
  • Finnish as a suffix-rich language
  • Congruence
  • Parts of speech
  • Syllable boundaries
  • Variation in word stem and in suffixes
  • Consonant gradation
  • Vowel harmony
  • Other variation in word stem
  • Articles
  • Gender and sex
  • Phonetic structure
  • Sentences and clauses
  • Analyzing a word
  • Generating word forms
• Pronunciation and writing
  • The alphabet
  • Use of capital letters
  • Non-alphabetic characters in words
  • The nature of Finnish pronunciation
  • Pronunciation of letters
  • Transitory sounds
  • Unvoiced and voiced stops
  • Long vowels and double consonants
  • Diphthongs
  • Stress
  • Intonation
  • Boundary gemination and other sandhi phenomena
  • Assimilation
  • Pronunciation of foreign names and phrases
  • Deviations from the phoneme principle: a summary
  • Finnish pronunciation of English
  • Punctuation
  • Notational conventions in Finnish
• Vocabulary
  • Descriptions of the vocabulary
  • Structural classification of words
  • The original two-syllable word structure
  • Origins of Finnish vocabulary
  • Native words, loanwords, and foreign words
  • New loanwords
  • Length of vowels in loanwords
  • Doubling of consonants in loanwords
  • International words in Finnish
  • Foreign names in Finnish
  • Personal names and addressing people
  • Names of languages, countries, etc.
  • Different scopes of words
  • Family relationship and relationship by marriage
  • False friends in Finnish and English
  • “Forbidden” words
  • Terminology
• Word derivation
  • The structure of a derived word
  • Meanings of derivational suffixes
  • Sample derivations
  • Derived vs. compound words
• Compound words
  • Principles of word composition
  • The case form of the first part of a compound
  • Inflection of compounds
  • Hyphens in compounds
  • Nested compounds
  • Compositive forms
  • Copulative compounds
  • Derivation-like compounds
  • Open compound as part of closed compound
  • Contractions
• Nouns
  • The roles of cases in Finnish
  • Summary of case forms
  • Plural of nouns
  • Locational cases
  • Case forms used to express time
  • Nominative
  • Genitive
  • Essive
  • Partitive
  • Translative
  • Inessive
  • Elative
  • Illative
  • Adessive
  • Ablative
  • Allative
  • Abessive
  • Comitative
  • Instructive
  • Accusative
  • Constructs sometimes regarded as cases
  • Cases of proper names
  • Cases of loanwords and foreign words
  • Cases of uninflectable expressions
  • Inflection types of nouns
  • Cases in sentence analysis
• Possessive suffixes
  • The concept of possessive suffix
  • The possessive suffixes
  • Effects of possessive suffixes on word stem
  • Use of possessive suffixes
  • Loss of possessive suffixes
  • Possessive suffixes with reflexive meaning
• Adjectives
  • Inflection of adjectives
  • Adjectives as attributes of nouns
  • Adjectives as attributes of adjectives and adverbs
  • Comparison
• Adverbs
  • The adverb concept
  • Derived adverbs
  • Comparison of adverbs
  • Forms of adjectives as adverbs
  • Locational adverbs
  • Other use of case forms as adverbs
  • Expressing “as ... as ...”
  • Word-specific intensifiers
• Pronouns
  • Classes of pronouns
  • Personal pronouns
  • Demonstrative pronouns tämä, tuo, se
  • Dual pronouns
  • Interrogative pronouns
  • Quantifying pronouns
  • Relative pronouns
  • Reflexive and reciprocal pronouns
  • The pronoun oma (own)
• Numerals
  • Numerals, nouns, and adjectives
  • Basic numerals
  • Cardinal numerals
  • Ordinal numerals
  • Names of numbers
  • Names of sets with given number of items
  • Composite numerals
  • Noun forms used with numerals
  • Old numeral-like nouns
  • Fractions
  • Decimal numbers
  • Adverbs derived from numerals
  • Distributive adverbs and adjectives
  • Approximate numbers
  • Adverbs expressing repetition
  • Compounds expressing repetition
  • Writing numbers with digits
  • Inflection of numerals written with digits
• Singular and plural
  • The concepts singular, plural, and dual
  • Singular and plural of noun-like words
  • Singular and plural of verbs
• Verbs
  • Overview of verb inflection
  • The stems of a verb
  • Contraction verbs
  • Auxiliary verbs
  • Infinitives
  • I infinitive (A infinitive)
  • II infinitive (e infinitive)
  • III infinitive (mA infinitive)
  • IV infinitive (minen infinitive)
  • V infinitive (mAisillA- infinitive)
  • Participles
  • Personal forms of verbs
  • Passive
  • The 4th person
  • Passive verbs
  • Reflexive forms
  • Simple tenses
  • Perfect and pluperfect
  • Future tense
  • Moods
  • Indicative mood
  • Conditional mood
  • Potential mood
  • The imperative mood
  • Negation
  • Clause equivalents
  • Inflection types of verbs
• Particles
  • Prepositions and postpositions
  • Conjunctions
  • Affective particles
• Word-like suffixes
  • The nature of word-like suffixes
  • The suffixes kin and kAAn
  • The connective suffix kä
  • The arguing or emphasizing pA
  • The multiple-use suffix hAn
  • The softening suffix s
  • The interrogative suffix kO
• Sentence structure
  • The “free” word order
  • The normal order subject – verb – object
  • Presence clauses
  • Expressions requiring a non-SVO order
  • Deviations from normal order for emphasis
  • The “sveticistic” inverted order
  • Order of adverbials
  • Order of attributes
  • Marking the object
  • Object-like quantifiers
  • Verbs without grammatical object
  • The predicative
  • Predicative adverbials
  • Syntax of causation
  • Lack of subject
  • Cases of the subject
  • Expressions for having something
  • Asking and answering questions
  • Subclauses
• Poetic features
  • Alliteration
  • Reduplication
  • Descriptive words
  • Poetic language
  • Biblical phrases
• Spoken Finnish
  • Characteristics of common spoken Finnish
  • Variation in spoken Finnish
  • Dialects of Finnish
• Language technology and Finnish
  • Finnish language and localization: a summary
  • Typing Finnish
  • Spelling, grammar, and style checks
  • Typesetting Finnish
  • Hyphenation
  • Speech synthesis and recognition
  • Automatic translation
  • Broken Finnish as a compromise
• Suffix glossary
  • Notations used in the suffix glossary
  • Using the suffix glossary
  • The suffix glossary, in reverse dictionary order
  • Endings of international words
• Inflection types
  • Inflection types of noun-like words
  • Inflection types of verbs
• Compositive forms of verbs
  • Notes on the table of compositive forms of verbs
  • The table of compositive forms of verbs
• Proper names
  • Notes on the table of proper names
  • A table of proper names
• Abbreviations
  • Notes on the table of abbreviations
  • A table of common abbreviations
• Style settings for Finnish in Word
  • Proofing tools in Word
  • The writing style classes for Finnish in Word
  • Descriptions of individual grammar settings in Word
• References
  • Dictionaries, glossaries, and grammars
  • Official language guides
  • Other material and resources
• Finnish grammar terms
  • Notes on the table of Finnish grammar terms
  • A table of Finnish grammar terms
• Index
  • Description of the index of Handbook of Finnish
  • The index of Handbook of Finnish

This material is also available as a single file.